Which statement about the CQ data type in HL7 is correct?

The statement regarding the CQ data type that is correct is that it allows a numeric quantity with a unit of measure. The CQ data type in HL7 stands for "Quantity with Units" and is specifically designed to represent a value that is expressed as a numeric quantity accompanied by a specified unit of measure. This means that it can be used to convey not only the amount but also the context of what that amount represents (for instance, "100 mg" where "100" is the quantity and "mg" is the unit of measure).

The other options do not accurately reflect the characteristics of the CQ data type. For example, while it does involve units, it does not consist of four components as specified in option B; it is primarily intended for quantities rather than dates as indicated in option C; and it is a valid data type within HL7 standards, making option D incorrect as well.